Global Warming
- The Kyoto Protocol and Convention on Climate Change
- The European Climate Change Program (ECCP)
- Links with the web sites of other organizations
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Ozone
Depletion
- The Montreal Protocol - on substances that deplete
the ozone layer.
- European Regulation No. 2037/2000 - dated June
29, 2000 concerning substances
that deplete the ozone layer.
- Links with the web sites of other organizations
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Refrigeration
Systems
EN 378 "Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and
environmental requirements" The EN 378 European Standard
"Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and
environmental requirements" was prepared by European
Committee for Standardization/Technical Committee CEN/TC
182 (Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements).
It comprises 4 parts:
Part 1: "basic requirements, definitions, classification
and selection criteria" provides definitions of
certain terms used in the standard. It also provides a classification
system according to:
- The type of existing refrigerating systems (direct or
indirect systems);
- Usage of the premises:
- category A: rooms, parts of building or buildings
in which persons may sleep or may not have total freedom
of movement and where persons are not aware of the
safety measures to be applied. Such premises include
hospitals, courthouses and prisons, supermarkets,
schools, railway stations, etc. and thus are public
buildings;
- category B: rooms, parts of building or buildings
in which certain persons may be aware of the general
safety measures to be applied. Such premises include
production plants, commercial premises, etc;
- category C: rooms, parts of building or buildings
in which all persons present are trained in the general
and specific safety measures to be applied. Such premises
include specific production plants, cold stores, etc.
- Refrigerants are classified according to their flammability
and toxicity.
- group L1 (non-toxic, non-flammable refrigerants)
forming category A1;
- group L2 (slightly flammable refrigerants) comprising
the categories A2, B1 and B2;
- group L3 (toxic, flammable refrigerants) comprising
the categories A3 and B3.
Annex E contains information on refrigerants and indicates
their characteristics (molecular mass, flammability limits,
GWP, ODP, etc.).
Part 2: "design, construction, testing, marking and
documentation", applies to the design and manufacturing
of refrigerating systems.
It defines the various pressure levels that must be applied
(maximum allowable pressure), design pressure, etc.), the
layout of the refrigerating system piping, the type of valves
and pressure-regulating devices to be used. It also defines
the testing procedures (tightness testing and testing of
safety equipment, testing before commissioning) and acceptance
procedures (marking of the refrigerating system and piping,
supplying of test certificates, operating manual and plant
plans, availability and location of maintenance records).
Part 3: "installation site and personal protection",
applies to staff and plant safety.
It defines the principles governing the design and construction
of machine rooms (dimensions, types of walls, ventilation)
along with specific requirements for refrigerants in groups
L1, L2 or L3. Requirements include detectors and alarm systems;
protective equipment and the first aid procedures that must
be made available to staff.
Part 4: "operation, maintenance, repair and recovery",
specifies safety and environmental requirements during plant
operation, maintenance and repairs; it places particular
emphasis on the training and skills of all persons working
on the refrigerating plant (personnel involved in plant
operation or monitoring). The standard emphasizes the need
to recover and/or reuse refrigerants.
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Refrigerants
American
Standard ANSI/ASHRAE 34
Refrigerated
Transport
Agreement
on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and
on the special
equipment to be used for such carriage (ATP) Back
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